How I would change the U.S. Healthcare system for the better Essay

How I would change the U.S. Human services framework to improve things - Essay Example To begin with, the broken open strategies have been the main driver for the disappointment of the set up to give best in class and sufficient human services offices to one and all. Besides there is a general need to see how we are confronted with a need to proportion the obligation inside ourselves. It is tied in with seeing one another and at long last, understanding that the wellbeing of one individual in the general public or so far as that is concerned in the nation would urge someone else to stay solid too. Truth be told, this would drive the last to ensure he gets the most ideal social insurance conveniences because of the state. All things considered, it is the state’s duty to give sufficient human services offices. Strategy changes hence become the above all else order in such manner that can be taken. These approach changes involve a total disassociation between the utilization of human services benefits just as paying for similar administrations then again. Besides, the need of great importance in this human services plan is to see with our own eyes that we recognize the issue of medicinal services similar to some what not lined up with the society’s needs and it is an autonomous substance no different. Subsequently it should be treated all things considered. This implies if the state comprehends that social insurance is something that is kept separate from the remainder of the offices that it generally gives and the equivalent is made accessible to every single individual inside the nation, independent of their standing, position, shading or belief then just one can expect that something better is going on in the human services circles of US. Next in rank is enthusiastic wellbeing which is firmly identified with profound wellbeing in that people’s feelings draw vigorously from everyone around them. This makes it particularly significant that whatever sort of gathering one searches out for profound direction is

Why we can't wait-martin luther king Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why we can hardly wait martin luther lord - Essay Example Martin Luther King Jr spoke to the African-American people group, yet basically, this means all minority networks who carried on with a persecuted life. This mistreatment came about after colonization and the slave exchange where the privileges of those apparent to a frail network were exposed to a wide scope of segregation. Isolation and segregation as to race, sexual orientation and training were banned after promotion for social liberties. This denotes a basic advance towards creating autonomy among networks. This plainly shows even as King battled for the privileges of African-Americans, the advantages would be felt across various networks both territorially and broadly. Ruler mounted a test to abuse by resisting business as usual, which in the end got support from different individuals from the network other than African-Americans. In any case, there still exist a wide uniqueness dependent on ethnicity, race, religion and sexual orientation in present day America. This makes the requirement for more activism and successful administration to overcome any issues, wiping out existing inconsistencies. It is the convention with most backers of social equity to apply explanatory systems to draw in their adversaries so as to disprove their cases past sensible questions. Martin Luther King is no special case as featured in a large portion of his discourses, letters, and books especially Why We Can’t Wait, which is the subject of this paper. The book was composed after the finish of the Birmingham battle and the Washington March in 1963.

Critical Review Essay Topics

Critical Review Essay TopicsCritical essay topics are what allow your student to receive a grade that reflects their talents. A student who has creative thoughts may not have the time to write and turn them into a great essay topic. In such cases, a friend or family member can assist. By simply providing the information on the paper and allowing the student to work with them, they can create a great essay.Students will need a mentor to help them select the best critical essay topics for the course. These mentors must be non-teaching or primary instructor's. Students do not want to be too pushy with the person they get their writing advice from, as it should be a casual conversation. If the mentor is indeed non-teaching and is the main instructor in the class, then it may be best to tell the student that this mentor has access to students' homework and that they need to follow what he or she says.Important questions should be asked of the student, in order to get them to think about t heir critical essay topics. Questions like: how are you going to use this topic? What material do you need to work with?Students should also know how to tailor their essay topics to the writing style of the teacher. Sometimes a different style may require a different idea when it comes to what type of essay topic to write. The teacher may be more interested in research papers than an analytical essay, for example.Not all students will be as eager to work with their mentor as they are to work with their critical review essay topics. Many teachers are content to sit in on the writing process, so they simply decide what the essay should be about. They will let the student know if the topic is suitable or not, but at the end of the day, the student will have to come up with an essay that they can submit and that is at least somewhat original.Since it will be the student who is going to write the essay, it may be best to think about what they already know and trust. This way, the student can avoid looking too outside of the box and going against their comfort zone. It will be easier for them to write based on what they already know rather than starting from scratch.Essays are a form of self-expression and reflection. They should be a reflection of the student's individuality. Taking this into consideration, it is easy to see why some students find themselves wanting to put their skills to the test and try something new.Using critical review essay topics is one way to get that break from the writing style of the teacher. When students feel like they are getting the chance to express themselves and feel confident in the work that they are submitting, the result is a higher grade for the student. It is better to try a few things before writing down the final version, though.

Abstract. This Memoir Employed A Mixed Methods Design To

ABSTRACT This memoir employed a mixed methods design to evaluate the current system of justice for minors in Haiti. The problem is several juvenile participants became involved in the formal justice system currently set up for adults, with no intervention effectiveness for juveniles. There are remedies that will prove effective. In the latter sections propose interventions in the Juvenile Justice system in Haiti that will reduce the rates of juvenile delinquency when implemented. Examination of juvenile reform systems across the globe including the USA, India, Mexico and France with interviews with government officials further suggest and indicate that proposed intervention will reduce the likelihood of subsequent repeat offenders. If†¦show more content†¦Prior to colonialism juveniles were recognized only within the family structure. Only, the mistreatment of the youngsters who continue to suffer from improper procedure as it relates to judgement is as a direct result of the residue of colonization. Post-Colonial Haiti chose to overlook the malignancy of its tainted generational roots. Now more than ever it is apparent to the world looking on the level of Haiti’s affliction caused by reckless acts of greedy migrants. There are a myriad issues resulting from improper formation of societal norms after colonialism. Partly, due to long held results of colorism in a post-colonial culture (Jones T. , 2000). According to an article in The Post c olonialist, â€Å"Haiti was post-colonial before it was cool†. (Curtis, 10/24/2014) This is just to say that while other countries were making adjustments to submit to their colonizers, Haiti was is full preparation to retrieve what rightly belonged to her. The spiteful revenge of the colonizers, left the retrieval difficult with haunting outcomes. Many nations suffered from post-colonial reconstruction as its lingering effects confused a society. As Haitians constructed their post-colonial identity and basked in the accomplishment of national independence,Show MoreRelatedFdsc Critique2784 Words   |  12 PagesThe purpose of this essay aims to provide a critical evaluation of a research article titled life after cancer; living with risk (Wilkins and Woodgate, Cancer Nursing 2011 vol 34, no 6, P487-494) it will be structured according to the recommendations of the critique guidelines of Parahoo, 1988. Parahoo states that the title should not be long and complicated and should reflect as much as possible what the research is about (Parahoo and Reid 1988, P69). The title in this case meets this criteria, itRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pages MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION This module provides an overview on the subject of art appreciation for those entirely new to the subject. This is a complex topic to deal with and it is impossible to have a truly comprehensive discussion on the topic in such a brief essay. The student is advised to consult more advanced texts to gain further understanding of how to appreciate art more fully. HUMANITIES: What is it? †¢ The term Humanities comes from the Latin word, â€Å"humanitas† †¢ It generallyRead MoreCompilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions11615 Words   |  47 Pagesextensively on this concept in his work Prior Analytics, which was published from Lyceum lecture notes several hundreds of years after his death. * Aristotles Physics, which contains a discussion of the infinite that he believed existed in theory only, sparked much debate in later centuries. It is believed that Aristotle may have been the first philosopher to draw the distinction between actual and potential infinity. When considering both actual and potential infinity, Aristotle states this:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Read MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 PagesAll rights reserved Copyright  © Paul Hague Paul Hague is hereby identified as author of this work in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 This book is published by Grosvenor House Publishing Ltd 28–30 High Street, Guildford, Surrey, GU1 3HY. www.grosvenorhousepublishing.co.uk This book is sold subject to the conditions that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the author’s or publisher’s priorRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 PagesBanaras Hindu University, INDIA) ABSTRACT: Performance appraisal and performance management were one of the emerging issues since last decade. Many organizations have shifted from employee’s performance appraisal system to employee’s performance management system. This paper has focused to study the evolution of employee’s performance appraisal system, critics the system suffered and how the performance management system came to the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate theseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhilosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these

The Conflict Of The Workplace - 1838 Words

Conflict and knowing how to resolve the conflict are necessary in today’s workforce. Multigenerational workforces may generate more conflict than most related to the differences in job performance. Moore (1986) states, â€Å"conflict is a struggle between two or more people over values, competition for status, power and scarce resources.† (Moore, 1986, p. 64) Conflict can occur within one individual, between two or more individuals, within one group, or between two or more groups. (Sullivan, 2013) Nursing careers involve conflict on almost a daily basis; it can occur as intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. Nurses can face doubt related to personal decisions and ethical choices, nurses can face conflict with†¦show more content†¦I made the mistake of confronting the nurse in the room and in front of the patient because I was very upset that they risked a respiratory arrest for transfer ease. I asked the nurse, â€Å"What made you think that this mode of oxygenation was acceptable for transfer when in report other oxygen delivery was being used?† The question was not very well received and I was informed that the respiratory lead instructed her that this mode of transportation was acceptable. The conflict escalated from that point due to the fact that I had stated in return, â€Å"obviously you can see that it was not acceptable and it’s your job to be an advocate for this patient, I know that you have access to portable ven tilators because we use them all the time.† Matters only deteriorated further when co-workers of mine decided to become flippant with them on their way out as well. Co-workers were saying that I grew into my ICU skin that night and had become a true ICU nurse. The humiliation that the emergency room nurse was now facing grew exponentially at that point and I felt terrible as well, not realizing that everyone had heard what had transpired because the unit was so quiet and the patient status had drawn so much attention. Interpersonal conflict had occurred originally and then escalated into intergroup conflict in a matter of moments. The conflict was quickly forgotten by me due toShow MoreRelatedConflict in the Workplace1641 Words   |  7 Pagesget along on a daily basis. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace. Conflict is a typical phenomenon of people’s relationship in workplace. Conflict is a fact of life. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different in every different workplace. Conflict is a job not easily handled, and it can be really destructive if not properly taken care of. The Webster’s Dictionary (2001) defines conflict as a battle; clash; or a disagreement of ideas,Read MoreConflict in the Workplace675 Words   |  3 PagesConflict in the Workplace Introduction The business world is highly competitive from every perspective; competition for office space, virtual space, markets, customers, clients and with colleagues. It is the responsibility of people working together in their day to day business transactions to have finely tuned interpersonal skills, knowledge and experience to ensure that they achieve the best possible outcomes for themselves and their employers. In environments such as these, conflicts, argumentsRead MoreConflict in the Workplace3573 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract Interpersonal conflicts in the workplace are very common because they inevitably arise when groups or teams perform. This essay critically discusses the view that these conflicts can in certain circumstances be a positive factor in improving the individual performance. 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The five most commonRead MoreConflicts Within The Workplace Conflict1405 Words   |  6 PagesWhile conflict is a part of social relationships, there are many conflicts that are escalated beyond the normal day-to-day interactive conflicts. Day-to-day interactive conflicts such as disagreeing about what to cook for dinner or when to mow the lawn are inevitable and for the most part, relatively easy to negotiate. However, more serious conflicts arise during the course of daily living as well: in which religion to raise children if parents come from differing ideological backgrounds or how muchRead MoreGenerational Conflict in the Workplace1526 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Abstract Conflict in the workplace is not a new problem. Having many generations working towards the same goal will almost always cause some friction. It becomes the responsibility of administrators/managers in the workplace to not only understand the source of this conflict, but also diffuse it before it becomes counterproductive. Conflict can be a very powerful tool in the workplace if not allowed to get out of hand. Each generation in the workplace has much to learn from the others. TheyRead MoreEssay on Workplace Conflict736 Words   |  3 PagesWorkplace Conflicts between Team Members Conflict between team members will happen in the workplace because the fact that there will have an environment where decisions are made and personality clashes will occur. This doesn’t mean you have an unproductive workforce, it means you will have to be able to catch the problem early and know what to do with each individual case. People are going to disagree because they have different view points, different backgrounds and a different thought processRead MoreConflict Management in the Workplace1136 Words   |  5 PagesConflict Management Learning Team A: Dana Stinson, Timothy Bird, Sterling Richards, Diana Loutensock LDR/531 October 5, 2010 Richard Hartley, M.A. Conflict Management Training Program Our consulting firm, Conflict Professionals, specializes in training all levels of managers (executive, mid- and entry-level) in the art of managing conflict within their teams and organizations. What is conflict and how does it arise? Typically, it occurs when two or more people oppose one another becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Conflict On The Workplace887 Words   |  4 PagesConflict in the workplace is something that’s been going on for centuries. Although we think of conflict as negative, it can also have a positive impact. In this paper we will look at both the negative and positive impact of conflict in the workplace. Conflict is opposition or antagonism toward other individuals or things (Hegar, Human Relations at Work, pg 480). For example, if your co-worker was given an award for outstanding work performance but you feel that you were more deserving of the awardRead MoreConflict resolution in the workplace800 Words   |  4 PagesConflict resolution in the workplace Introduction Conflict is a fact in any relationship including the work area. Still, it is important to emphasize that some conflicts should not be seen as good or bad, they are just differences. Many times when there are disagreements between players these issues are left on the table without giving much emphasis. Unfortunately some of these conflicts have reached a level that ends in a physical altercation. When things get out of proportion, the sports psychologist

The Philosophy Of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, And Friedrich...

P hilosophical Travel Journal 1 W C Patten – PHL2 71 February 23, 2015 Philosophical Travel Journal I am writing this journal with the goal of recounting my travels to different philosophical societies. Remarkably, each one of the three societies I was privileged enough to travel to r igidly followed a renowned philosophy. These were the philosophies of Plato, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The Republic The first society I visited was that of Plato ’s philosophy. The residents were very kind and sought out true meanings of different vi rtues solely by dialectic. They structured their city much the same way that Plato structured the renowned Republic . Plato said that a just city would involve each man doing his own work, or specializing in a certain task. The cobbler would be a cobbler, the builder would be a builder, the farmer a farmer, and so on an d so forth. Each of these focused on his work and in such a way maximized outpu t, as is logical. The army protecting that city stood as a c ourageous wall around it, ready to defend it whenever necessary. The soldiers ’ training was intense, focusing not only on physical exercise but also on the arts. By being brought up with training both in the arts and in physical exercise, Plato believed t hese soldiers would be both courageous and wise. Indeed, they were. The city was very confident in its guardians, knowing full well that should war be declared, it would be re solved by reason or, if all else failed, aShow MoreRelatedBuddhism And Its Impact On Buddhism1381 Words   |  6 PagesEnlightened One. Although originally emerged as a monastic movement within the dominant Brahmin tradition at that time, Buddhism developed quickly in another direction and acquired characteristics. Buddha not only rejected some important aspects of the philosophy of Hinduism, but also challenged the authority of their leaders, did not accept the validity of Vedic scriptures and argued against the sacrificial cult based on these texts. Moreover, Buddha opened his movement to people of all castes, openly rejectingRead MoreEssay Existentialism1050 Words   |  5 Pageswith existentialism, a precise definition is impossible; however, it suggests one major theme: a stress on individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice {3}. Existentialism also refers to a family of philosophies devoted to an interpretation of human existence in the world that stresses its concreteness and its problematic character. Existentialism is often seen as an irrationlist revolt against tradiational phylosphy. Although this may be true to a Read Moreexistentialism Essay3317 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Existentialism provides a moving account of the agony of being in the world. The spirit of existen- tialism has a long history in philosophy. But it be- came a major movement in the second half of the 20th century. Existentialism is not a systematic body of thought like Marxism or psychoanalysis. Instead, it is more like an umbrella under which a very wide range of thinkers struggled with ques- tions about the meaning of life. Much of the appeal and popularity of Existential- ism is due toRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determiningRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of howRead MoreHuman Mortality According to Heidegger Essay3641 Words   |  15 Pagesthe likes of Soren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Jean-Paul Sartre, one of the principal exponents of 20th century Existentialism. An extraordinarily original thinker, a critic of technological society and the leading Ontologist of his time, Heideggers philosophy became a primary influence upon the thoughts of the younger generations of continental European cultural personalities of his time. The son of a Catholic sexton, Heidegger displayed an early interest in religion and philosophy; at school

Business Plan of Frozen Pizza Plc

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan of Frozen Pizza Plc. Answer: Introduction The fast food business is flourishing at a rapid pace all around the world and the demand in this business has been observed to be increasing constantly. In the United States, the expenditure of the consumers on the fast food has increased dramatically in the recent years (Jekanowski, Binkley, Eales, 2001). In the year 2013, the revenues generated by the fast food industry were $196.10 Billion, which went up to $273 billion in the year 2015. This depicts that the size of the fast food industry is increasing fast and it is expected to become a Large Cap Industry in the United States very soon. Looking at the increased size of the industry and the rapidly increasing demand, it has been considered appropriate to set up a fast food restaurant in the New York City of the United States. In this context, this report has been prepared to present the budgeted figures about the new start up and evaluate its financial viability. Overview of the Business: Mission, Vision, and Strategies In the present report, a company namely Frozen Pizza Plc has been taken for analysis, which is a newly incorporated company engaged in the fast food industry. The company is considering opening a restaurant in the New York City of the United States with two products such as pizza and burger initially. The demand of fast food is growing up at a speedy rate, which makes sense for the company to enter into this business (Statista, 2016). The company is inclined to achieve high growth in a short span of time, for which the vision statement has been drawn out as, To become the best fast food brand in the world by providing the highest quality services (Papulova, 2014). Further, in order to achieve the vision, the management has formulated the mission statement as, To culminate an environment of enthusiasm and support among the employees and motivate them to deliver value to the business continually. Moreover, the strategies of the company are aligned with the mission and vision statement properly so as to achieve the set goals within the prefixed time period. In order to align the organizational strategies with the mission and vision, the balance score card approach has been considered to be appropriate (Darbi, 2012). The balanced score card provides four perspectives to view the entity as a whole. Those four perspectives are financial perspective, customer perspective, business process perspective, and learning growth perspective. The four perspectives of the balanced score card cover the entity from end to end (Poureisa, Ahmadgourabi, Efteghar, 2013). The pictorial representations of the balanced score card is given below: Figure 1: Balanced Score Card The Financial perspective provides that the management should collect the necessary data and information to measure the financial performance of the business. Similarly, the customer perspective emphasizes on the need to maintain and collect the data to measure the customer satisfaction. The business perspective talks about evaluating and analyzing the internal processes and controls so to enhance the efficacy of the staff. The learning and growth perspective is the most crucial because it focuses on the vision of the organization. As per this perspective, the management should be keen to learn and find out the new ways to growth continually and achieve the objectives of the business (Poureisa, Ahmadgourabi, Efteghar, 2013). Further, the management of the Triple Bottom Line initiatives has become obligatory for all the organizations to achieve the business objectives and goals. The Triple Bottom Line accounting framework is divided into three parts such as social, environmental, and financial (Jackson, Boswell, Davis, 2011). The management of the company is required to take initiatives to maintain a proper balance between the social, environmental, and financial goals. This implies that an organization having financial performance outstandingly well, but negligent in meeting the social and environmental needs adequately may not be able to achieve its vision. Therefore, in order to be able to reach to the vision, a proper balance between the social, environmental, and financial needs is to be maintained (Fauzi, Svensson, Rahman, 2010). Budgetary Analysis The budgeting is a process of estimating the amount of income and expenditure that the business is going to earn and incur over a specified period of time (Carreras, Mujtaba, Cavico, 2011). The estimation and projection of the income and expenditure is important to put controls and evaluate the performance. The budgeted figures of income and expenditures are compared against the actual income and expenditure figures to find out the variances and evaluate the performance (Mohamed, Evans, Tirimba, 2015). With this aim, various budgets and projections regarding income and expenditures have been prepared in respect of Frozen Pizza Plc. The Major budgets that have been prepared here involve sales budget, direct material budget, direct labor budget, overhead budget, selling expense budget, and administration expense budget. Sales Budget for Two Products The sale budget of Frozen Pizza Plc for the year 2016 has been prepared for two primary products such as pizza and burger, the same is presented below: Sales Budget 2016 2017 2018 Total 1.) Pizza A. Demand Units 51,100 52,122 54,728 157,950 B. Price $10.00 $10.80 $12.03 C. Total (A*B) $511,000.00 $562,917.60 $658,379 1,732,297 2.) Burger A. Demand Units 3285 3,449 6,899 13,633 B. Price $5.00 $5.00 $5.50 C. Total (A*B) $16,425 $17,246 $37,942 71,613 Grand Total (1+2) $527,425 $580,164 $696,321 1,803,910 The demand is high but, since, the size of restaurant is small, therefore, it is assumed that 20 customers will be served each day and that the restaurant will operate for 365 days. Further, it is assumed that 70% of the total customers served will be consuming pizza because people like pizza more and the rest 30% will consume burger. It is also assumed that the customer consuming pizza consumes on an average one pizza, while, the customer consuming burger takes 1.5 burgers on an average because of its small size. Based on these assumptions, the demand for the year 2016 in respect of pizza and burger, works out to be 51100 and 3285 units respectively. Further, in respect of pizza, the demand for the year 2017 and 2018 has been assumed to be increasing by 2% and 5% respectively. In respect of burger, the demand has been assumed to be increasing more rapidly at rate of 5% and 100% due to low prices. Direct Materials Budget After estimating the demand, it becomes necessary to prepare projections regarding inventory levels and production required. Based on the production requirements, the raw material requirement budget is prepared, which is crucial for planning and controlling the expenditure on material consumption (Weerawardena Mort, 2006). The material budget for Frozen Pizza Plc covering major items is presented below: Direct Materials Budget: For Pizza 2016 2017 2018 Per Pizza Qty Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Baker's yeast (KG) 0.80 1.00 0.80 1.05 0.84 1.10 0.88 Sifted flour (KG) 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.05 0.63 1.10 0.66 Cheese (Grams) 15.00 0.05 0.75 0.05 0.79 0.06 0.83 Sauce (Grams) 15.00 0.05 0.75 0.05 0.79 0.06 0.83 Tomato, onion, others (KG) 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.05 0.53 1.10 0.55 Total 3.40 3.57 3.75 Total Sale Units 51,100.00 52,122.00 54,728.10 Total Cost of Raw Material ($) 173,740.00 ` 205,148.28 Note: It is assumed that the consumption per unit of raw material will remain the same. Direct Materials Budget: For Burger 2016 2017 2018 Per Pizza Qty Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Cost per Kg/Gram ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Baker's yeast (KG) 0.48 1.00 0.48 1.05 0.50 1.10 0.53 Sifted flour (KG) 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.05 0.32 1.10 0.33 Cheese (Grams) 7.50 0.05 0.38 0.05 0.39 0.06 0.41 Sauce (Grams) 7.50 0.05 0.38 0.05 0.39 0.06 0.41 Tomato, onion, others (KG) 0.25 $1.00 $0.25 $1.05 $0.26 $1.10 0.275625 Total $1.78 $1.87 $1.96 Total Sale Units 3,285.00 3,449.25 6,898.50 Total Cost of Raw Material ($) $5,847.30 ` $13,537.96 The quantities of the raw material have been taken based on the specifications of the production department and the rates have taken based on the prices prevailing in the market (Traditional Oven, 2016). Further, it has been specified by the production technical department that the consumption of raw material for a burger will be half of what is consumed for a pizza. Based on these assumptions, the cost per unit of pizza and burger has been worked out as $3.40 and $1.78. Direct Labor Budget Direct Labor Budget: For Pizza 2016 2017 2018 Per Pizza Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Per Pizza Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Per Pizza Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Skilled Labor 0.25 10.00 2.50 0.23 10.50 2.36 0.20 11.03 2.23 Unskilled Labor 0.10 8.00 0.80 0.08 8.40 0.67 0.06 8.82 0.56 Total 3.30 3.03 2.80 Total Sale Units 51,100.00 52,122.00 54,728.10 Total Cost of labor ($) 168,630.00 158,164.21 153,076.82 Note: 1. The cost per hour assumed to be escalating @5% per year from 2017 onwards 2.) Further, it is assumed that due to learning, the labor hours will be reduced by 10% and 20% per year in case of skilled and unskilled labor respectively. Direct Labor Budget: For Burger 2016 2017 2018 Skilled Labor Per Burger Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Per Burger Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Per Burger Hours Cost per Hour ($) Cost per Pizza ($) Unskilled Labor 0.08 10.00 0.75 0.07 10.50 0.71 0.06 11.03 0.67 Total 0.06 8.00 0.48 0.05 8.40 0.40 0.04 8.82 0.34 1.23 1.11 1.01 Total Sale Units 3,285.00 3,449.25 6,898.50 Total Cost of labor ($) 4,040.55 3,835.39 6,956.84 1. The cost per hour assumed to be escalating @5% per year from 2017 onwards 2.) Further, it is assumed that due to learning, the labor hours will be reduced by 10% and 20% per year in case of skilled and unskilled labor respectively. In the production of pizza and burger, two types of labor such as skilled and unskilled will be deployed. The skilled labor comprises of professional chef and unskilled labor comprises of other staff engaged directly in production activities. Since, professional chef are hired at higher wage rate, therefore, the wage rate for them is kept higher than the unskilled staff. Total labor budget for the year 2016 is kept at $172,670.55 comprising $168,630 for skilled and $4,040.55 for unskilled staff. Overhead Budget The overhead budget is bifurcated into two parts such as variable and fixed. Further, the overheads have also been segregated based on the nature such as manufacturing, Selling, and administrating. The budget is shown as under: Overhead Budget 2016 2017 2018 Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Variable Manufacturing @5% of price $0.50 $0.25 $0.54 $0.25 $0.60 $0.28 Selling @5% of price $0.50 $0.25 $0.54 $0.25 $0.60 $0.28 Total Per unit $1.00 $0.50 $1.08 $0.50 $1.20 $0.55 Sale Units 51,100.00 3,285.00 52,122.00 3,449.25 54,728.10 6,898.50 Total (Sale units* per unit) $51,100.0 $1,642.5 $52,742.5 $56,291.8 $1,724.6 $58,016.4 $65,837.9 $3,794.2 $69,632.1 Fixed Manufacturing (Dep) 25,055.93 1,610.74 26,666.67 25,011.49 1,655.17 26,666.67 23,681.59 2,985.07 26,666.67 Selling (Adv) 2,114.09 135.91 2,250.00 2,532.41 167.59 2,700.00 2,532.41 167.59 2,700.00 Administration (Int+salary) 42,281.88 2,718.12 45,000.00 45,020.69 2,979.31 48,000.00 46,179.10 5,820.90 52,000.00 Total 69,451.90 4,464.77 73,916.67 72,564.60 4,802.07 77,366.67 72,393.11 8,973.56 81,366.67 The manufacturing and selling variable overheads have been assumed to be 5% of the selling price of pizza and burger. As per the industry practices, the variable cost in fast food service industry ranges between 70%-75% of sales. Further, the direct wages and direct material together amount to 65%-70% of the sales, therefore, the variable overheads have been assumed to be 5% of the sales. On the other hand, the fixed overheads have been computed taking the major items such as depreciation, advertisement, interest, salary, and other administrative expenses. The depreciation has been computed by applying straight line method on the cost of fixed costs (Noreen Soderstrom, 1994). Selling Expenses Budget The selling expense budget comprising the expenses to be incurred in marketing and distribution of the products for Frozen Pizza Plc is presented below: Selling expenses budget 2016 2017 2018 Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Advertisement 2,114 136 2,250 2,532 168 2,700 2,532 168 2,700 In respect is sale of fast food, the major expense incurred in selling the products is on the promotional and advertisement activities. Since, there is no home delivery system in place in the initial year at the restaurant, therefore, the distribution expense have not been taken into account. Administration Expenses Budget The budget in respect of administration expenses has been presented below: Administration expenses budget 2016 2017 2018 Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Pizza Burger Total Accounting and Legal 4,698 302 5,000 938 62 1,000 - - - Utilities 4,698 302 5,000 14,069 931 15,000 15,985 2,015 18,000 Interest 5,638 362 6,000 6,566 434 7,000 7,993 1,007 9,000 Salary 9,396 604 10,000 25,011 1,655 26,667 23,682 2,985 26,667 Rent 11,275 725 12,000 11,255 745 12,000 10,657 1,343 12,000 Insurance 940 60 1,000 938 62 1,000 888 112 1,000 Maintenance Repairs 940 60 1,000 2,532 168 2,700 2,398 302 2,700 Other 4,698 302 5,000 938 62 1,000 888 112 1,000 Total 42,282 2,718 45,000 62,247 4,119 66,367 62,490 7,877 70,367 The total administrative expenses have been estimated to be $45,000 for the year 2016. The expenses have been allocated on pizza and burger in proportion to the number of units sold, which seems to be fair and justified allocation base in the prevailing circumstances (Noreen Soderstrom, 1994). CVP Analysis and Breakeven Point CVP analysis designates the analysis of the cost, volume, and profit with the goal to find out the impact of changes in one variable on the other, for example, analysis of the changes in the cost and volume on the profits. The CVP analysis is a crucial tool applied by the managers in decision making in various areas such pricing and deciding production mix (Hinterhuber, A, 2003). In order to apply the CVP analysis, the knowledge of contribution margin, breakeven point, and safety margin is important. In respect of the startup business of Frozen Pizza Plc, the relevant computations for CVP analysis have been performed as under: Weighted Average Contribution Margin and Ratios The following table shows the computation of the contribution margin for pizza and burger both the products. Further, the weighted average contribution margin has also been computing taking both the products together: Weighted Average Contribution Margin Products Pizza Burger Total A. Sales $511,000.00 $16,425 $527,425.00 B. Variable cost 393,470.00 $11,530.35 405,000.35 C. Contribution margin (A-B) 117,530.00 4,894.65 $122,424.65 D. Units sold 51,100.00 3,285.00 54,385.00 E. Contribution margin Ratio (C/A) 23.00% 29.80% F. Contribution margin per unit (C/D) 2.30 1.49 G. Weighted average contribution margin (C/A) 23.21% H. Weighted average contribution margin per unit (C/D) 2.25 The contribution margin in respect of pizza and burger has been computed as 23% and 29.80%. The contribution margins are low because of higher variable cost during the initial years of operations. The weighted average contribution margin is worked as 23.21%, which represents the overall company. This implies that on a sale of $100, the company earns $23.21 before deducting the fixed expenses (Hinterhuber, A, 2003). Breakeven Point Analysis The breakeven analysis is crucial for the new business to estimate the required sales volume at which the company will recover entire cost and start making profits. In respect of Frozen Pizza Plc, the breakeven analysis has been presented in the table given below: Breakeven Point Products Pizza Burger Total A. Fixed Cost 69,451.90 4,464.77 73,916.67 B. Contribution margin Ratio 23.00% 29.80% 23.21% C. Contribution margin per unit 2.30 1.49 2.25 D. Sales volume in units (A/C) 30,196.48 2,996.49 32,836.18 E. Sales volume in $ (A/B) $301,964.79 $14,982.43 $318,444.84 The breakeven point in terms of number of units has been worked out as 30196.48 and 2996.49 for pizza and burger respectively. This implies that Frozen Pizza Plc will have to sale out at 30197 units of pizza and 2997 units of burgers to recover the entire cost incurred in the production. Once the sale is reached to this sales level, the company will start making profits from every unit sold beyond this level. The breakeven point has also been computed in money terms to know the amount of sale to be achieved to recover all the costs. The breakeven sale in respect of pizza and burger is worked as $301,964.79 and $14,982.43, while the total budgeted sale is $511,000 and $16,425. This depicts that the company will reach to the breakeven point in a time period lesser than one year (Alnasser, Shaban, Al-Zubi, 2014). Operating Leverage Operating leverage is measured with a view to gain an insight into the companys ability to convert the revenues into profits. The degree of operating leverage signifies the ability of the company to convert the revenues into profits (Alaghi, 2011). In respect of Frozen Pizza Plc, the operating leverage has been computed as below: Operating Leverage A. Contribution $122,424.65 B. EBIT 107,250.48 C. Operating leverage (A/B) 1.14 The degree of operating leverage as depicted in the table above is 1.14, which is very low. This implies that if the revenues of the company increases by 10%, then the EBIT will increase by 11.40%. However, low degree of operating leverage indicates that the fixed costs are not too heavy and thus, the business will reach to the breakeven point quickly. Therefore, it could be articulated that though the profits will increase at slower pace but the risk of loss will be negligible with a low degree of operating leverage (Alaghi, 2011). Safety Margin Margin of safety indicates the sales over and above the breakeven level. Since, the margin of safety sales is generated after the breakeven point is achieved, which means that all the costs have been recorded, thus, it contributes directly to the profit of the company. Higher the margin of safety, higher will be the profit making capacity of the business and the risk of loss will automatically be lower (Taghizadeh Zeinalzadeh, 2011). In respect of Frozen Pizza Plc, the margin of safety computation is shown below: Safety Margin Products Pizza Burger Total A. Budgeted Sales $511,000.00 $16,425 $527,425.00 B. Breakeven Sales $301,964.79 14,982.43 318,444.84 C. Safety Margin ($) (A-B) $209,035.21 1,442.57 208,980.16 D. Safety Margin (%) (C/A) 41% 9% 40% From the data presented in the table given above, it can be observed that the margin of safety of Pizza is higher than that of burger. Therefore, it could be inferred that, initially, producing pizza is less risky than burger for Frozen Pizza Plc (Taghizadeh Zeinalzadeh, 2011). Income Statement The income statement is prepared to forecast the profit that the business is expected to generate over the period time (Whited, 2010). In respect of Frozen Pizza Plc, the income statement presenting the revenues, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenditure, and net profit for three years has been shown below: Frozen Pizza Plc Profit Loss Statement Amount ($) 2016 2017 2018 Sales $527,425 $580,164 $696,321 Other income $52,743 $58,016 $69,632 Cost of Sales $405,000 $425,250 $467,775 Gross Profit $175,167 $212,930 $298,177 Operating Expenses Accounting and Legal $5,000 $1,000 $0 Salary $10,000 $15,000 $18,000 Utilities $5,000 $7,000 $9,000 Depreciation $26,667 $26,667 $26,667 Rent $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 Insurance $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Marketing $2,250 $2,700 $2,700 Maintenance Repairs $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Interest $6,000 $6,000 $6,000 Other $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Total Operating Expenses $73,917 $77,367 $81,367 Net Profit BT $101,250 $135,563 $216,811 Less: Tax @ 30% $30,375 $40,669 $65,043 Net Profit AT $70,875 $94,894 $151,768 The revenues shown above in the income statement have been assumed to be grown at the rate of 10% and 20% for the financial year 2017 and 2018. In respect of revenues, it is anticipated that the demand will increase from the second year and pick more pace from the third year of operations. Further, it has been anticipated that with the enhancement in the scale of operations, the company will take economies of scale and consequently, the cost goods sold will reduce. In relation to operating expenses such as salary, utilities, and marketing, it has been assumed that there will be proportional increase with the increase in the level of operations. However, the depreciation expense will remain the same due to high capacity of plant and equipment being purchased in the initially year. Further, it has also been assumed that the rent will be same due to the rent agreement being entered for three years in the year 2016 itself providing for rent at the same rate for all three years. Considering these all assumptions, the projections show that the net profit will increase at the study growth rate over the three year time period. Balance Sheet In order to project the position as regards assets, liabilities and equity, the balance sheet for three years comprising the period from 2016 to 2018 has been presented below (Whited, 2010): Frozen Pizza Plc Balance Sheet Amount ($) Assets 2016 2017 2018 Current $50,000 $60,000 $54,000 Fixed $400,000 $400,000 $400,000 Total Assets $450,000 $460,000 $454,000 Liabilities Current $50,000 $40,000 $20,000 Non-Current $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 Total Liabilities $150,000 $140,000 $120,000 Equity $300,000 $320,000 $334,000 Total Liabilities Equity $450,000 $460,000 $454,000 From the balance sheet presented above, it can be observed that the liabilities are reducing with the increase in the profits. Further, the impact of increase in the net profit could also be seen on the net worth of the company. It has been observed that the net worth of the company is increasing with a study growth rate as depicted in the graph below: Figure 2: Net Worth of Frozen Pizza Plc Critical Evaluation of the Business and Finding the Ways to Improve Future Performance Measurement of the performance is crucial for every business to attain a sustainable growth continuously and achieve the objectives by making required improvements. The financial performance of business is measured against the benchmarks such as net profit margins, return on equity, and growth in revenues (Ajelabi Tang, 2010). However, the other factors such as customer satisfaction and brand image of the company in the market can also be used for measurement of the performance. In order to survive in this stiffly competitive world, the organizations ought to endeavor for continuous improvements (Office of Performance Management USA, 1997). Although, the estimated figures shows that the profitably of the company is good but there is a scope to improve it further. For this purpose, the management of Frozen Pizza is first required to assess own strengths and weaknesses (Adepoju Famade, 2010). After this an analysis of the competitors operating in the neighborhood needs to be conducted to indentify the threats in the environment. In the fast food industry, the role of customer satisfaction is very crucial, therefore, the organizational goals and strategies of Frozen Pizza should be aligned with it. The service quality needs to be improved to gain more customers and increase the demand in the upcoming years (Adepoju Famade, 2010). The pricing policy that is yet to be suitably drawn is also one of the areas to be considered to improve the performance of the business (Faith Edwin, 2014). The management of Frozen Pizza will have work on revising the pricing policies of the company. As this is initial phase, due to which the company has set very low prices so that as many customers as possible could be attracted. However, as the business progresses and the company get the brand image recognized in the market, the prices need to be pushed up side. Therefore, it is expected that the increase in the prices of the products would increase the profits significantly in the upcoming years (Faith Edwin, 2014). However, it is to be kept in mind that the increase in the prices will be sustainable only when the quality of the services is very high (Faith Edwin, 2014). Therefore, the quality of services automatically becomes an improvement area for the management of Frozen Pizza. In order to improve the quality of the services, the management is first required to formulate adequate quality policy and then train the unskilled staff accordingly. The role of lower level employees is very critical in the restaurant services in delivering the quality services, thus, the lower level staff should be strictly trained about customer service. For this purpose, it is essential to keep the employees motivated and make them think like the owner of the business (Paryani, 2011). Further, it has been identified that the production mix plays a vital role in increasing the efficiency of the business; therefore, the management should constantly review the performance of the products and change the mix from time to time (Drury, 2005). In the current case, Frozen Pizza Plc is producing two products such as pizza and burger. The production of burger is kept very low due to lower prices and risk of low demand. However, the results of the cost volume profit analysis depicts that the profit volume ratio of burger (29.80%) is higher than that of pizza (23%). This implies that the burger is more profitable than pizza and hence, the company should produce burger as much as possible (Drury, 2005). Although, there exist a risk of low demand in respect of burger in the initial years, but as soon as the company establishes its brand image, the demand of burger may pick hike. Thus, the management should have close eyes on the shift in demand of burger and as the demand looks picking up, the production mix should be changed by increasing the share of burger in the total production. This diversion of the resources from pizza to burger will be beneficial for the company (Drury, 2005). However, in this regard, the management should remember that the production of burger is not increased that much that the main product Pizza gets completely lost because the brand image of the company is due to pizza only (Drury, 2005). Recommendation to the Potential Inventors From the perspective of the potential investors, it could be recommended that since the future prospects of the company are very high, so they should invest in the companys stock. The results of the projected income statement show that the company will pick up a quick growth in the profitably, which is also demonstrated in the graph given below: Figure 3: Profit of Frozen Pizza Plc From the graph, it could be observed that the profits of the company are increasing by more than 200% in the three year time period. This phenomenon could be considered very lucrative for the potential investors. Further, the results of the balance sheet analysis, indicates that the net worth of the company is also expected to increase with a high speed in the three years time period. Thus, it is highly recommended for the potential inventors to invest their money in the companys stock (Jagongo Mutswenj, 2014). References Adepoju, T.L. Famade, O.A. (2010). 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